乾眼症知多點

0

乾眼症是其中一種最常見的眼睛毛病，而乾眼症的病情可輕至輕微乾澀不適, 或嚴重至留有致盲疤痕。其實，乾眼症的分類其實比您想像中複雜。與其自行購買人工淚液，不如先來深入一點了解乾眼症吧！

乾眼症問卷

在我們開始前，先試填寫以下的乾眼症問卷吧。這些乾眼症問卷雖然簡單，但卻能有效地介定您的乾眼症的嚴重程度，以及觀察乾眼症治療的效果。如果您的問卷得分達6分或以上，您的乾眼症便可能已影響您的日常生活了。

資料翻譯自

https://www.dovepress.com/making-the-diagnosis-of-sjoumlgrenrsquos-syndrome-in-patients-with-dry-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH

乾眼症分頖

根據美國眼科視光學會資料, 乾眼症可以分為淚水量分泌不足和淚水揮發過快兩個類型, 這兩種乾眼症均有不同的病因。眼科視光師可透過眼科視光驗查判斷您的乾眼症類別。

淚水量分泌不足

淚水量分泌不足是較常見的乾眼症類型。根據美國國家眼科學院資料, 其中一種淚水不足的原因是由於年紀增長減少淚水分泌, 而50歲以上人士亦會較常見出現乾眼情況。同時, 女性由於荷爾蒙分泌變化, 會更容易有乾眼問題。另一方面, 不同種類的藥物都會有減少淚水分泌的副作用, 例如抗敏感、情緒病藥物甚至避孕藥。再者, 自身免疫疾病亦可導致淚腺發炎及減少製造淚水, 激光矯視也會減少分泌反射性淚水從而出現乾眼。

淚水揮發過快

淚水揮發過快的成因可以由環境造成, 例如風大、炎熱和乾燥的環境加快淚水揮發。吸煙會影響淚水質素及導致淚水容易揮發。除此之外, 集中精神閱讀或使用電腦亦會減少眨眼次數達四倍, 減少眼睛得到滋潤的時間。另一方面, 眼皮發炎和眼皮油脂孔閉塞 – 即使情況輕微 – 也會會破壞淚水脂質結構引起乾眼。其他造成淚水揮發過快的原因包括隱形眼鏡上積聚沉積物、眼藥水中的防腐劑及因眼皮缺憾導致眼睛過度外露等。

乾眼症的影響

輕微的乾眼症一般只導致不適, 並不會影響視力。不過, 當乾眼症情況惡化時, 眼睛角膜表面便會受損及開始影響視力。嚴重的乾眼個案可以引致致盲的角膜發炎和感染。

容易做到的乾眼症改善方法

如果要完全根治乾眼症, 需要完全消除所有引起乾眼症的病因。但是, 現實上要把所有病因找出來十分困難, 而且某些病因是無可避免的, 例如年紀增長。因此, 某些患者甚至眼科專業人士都可能只靠人工淚液處理乾眼問題。其實針對乾眼問題, 您可以做得更多。以下便列出數個有助一般乾眼症又容易做到的方法。

  1. 人工淚液
    人工淚液的確能解決大部分輕微乾眼問題, 尤其是淚水量分泌不足的乾眼症。不過，在選擇人工淚液時，最好選擇一次性、不含防腐劑、添加劑和藥性的人工淚液。人工淚液的濃稠程度各有不同，甚至有睡眠時用的膏狀人工淚液，您的眼科視光師能夠根據您的情況給予相關的人工淚液建議。
  2. 改變環境和生活習慣
    改變閱讀和生活習慣及改變環境能夠改善淚水揮發過快。在閱讀習慣方面，在閱讀或使用電腦等看近活動時，每隔20分鐘便應該望一望20公尺外的景物20秒。同時，您亦需要保持閱讀距離不少於35-40厘米，確保有足夠燈光及調整光線角度，以及在工作時多加提醒自己眨眼。而配戴適合的眼鏡矯正視力和雙眼協調問題都可減少眼睛疲勞和乾眼情況。避免吸煙、調整冷氣角度和使用放濕機都可減少淚水揮發。
  3. 眼皮清潔和熱敷
    眼皮邊緣上的細菌會分解淚水中的油脂層，使淚水容易揮發，可是普通的洗臉是很難清潔眼皮位置的。要清潔眼皮位置，您可以用一支旅行裝嬰兒洗頭水。首先將瓶蓋裝水並加入一滴嬰兒洗頭水，及後用棉花棒拌勻，然後在眼皮邊緣輕輕拭擦。市面上亦有售賣清潔眼皮專用的護理用品。至於要保持眼皮上的油脂孔暢通，您可以用乾淨的熱毛巾或敷眼專用暖包，保持溫度大約40度，並在蓋上眼時敷在眼皮上及輕力按摩眼皮邊緣約8-10分鐘。
  4. 覆驗您的隱形眼鏡
    含水量高的隱形眼鏡會跟您的眼睛爭奪水份。同時重覆配戴同一副隱形眼鏡時，每次配戴鏡片上都會積聚沉積物，這些沉積物會減低隱形眼鏡的保濕效能和引起過敏，以及隱形眼鏡藥水中的防腐劑都會導致乾眼。所以您應該定時進行隱形眼鏡覆診檢查, 以便眼科視光師能替您檢配最適合您的隱形眼鏡。
  5. 乾眼症的營養補充品
    有研究人員得出結論指奧米加3 (Omega-3) 脂肪酸可調節眼睛的發炎情況, 舒緩乾眼問題。天然的Omega-3脂肪酸食物來源包括在冷凍海水中生活的魚類和亞麻籽油。而口服的Omega-3脂肪酸補充品如魚油丸都可以用作減輕乾眼症。除了Omega-3脂肪酸外, 藍莓中的抗氧化成份亦有研究顯示可以抑止發炎減低乾眼程度。可是, 目前還沒有研究公佈Omega-3脂肪酸和藍莓對於乾眼症的建議每日攝取量。

乾眼症的成因和病情可以大有不同。為了更準確診斷您的乾眼情況, 記得咨詢您的眼科視光師以及定期進行全面眼睛檢查。

註冊眼科視光師(第一部份)　鄧光佑

以上護眼資訊由瑞士寶視光中心提供

地址 : 香港新界荃灣海盛路11號 One Midtown 23樓全層

查詢/預約電話 : +852 2751 8491

綢址: www.swisscoat.com.hk

參考資料:

  1. Beckman, K. A., Luchs, J., & Milner, M. S. (2016). Making the diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome in patients with dry eye. Clin Ophthalmol, 10, 43-53. doi:10.2147/opth.s80043
  2. Begley, C. G., Caffery, B., Chalmers, R. L., & Mitchell, G. L. (2002). Use of the dry eye questionnaire to measure symptoms of ocular irritation in patients with aqueous tear deficient dry eye. Cornea, 21(7), 664-670.
  3. Bentivoglio, A. R., Bressman, S. B., Cassetta, E., Carretta, D., Tonali, P., & Albanese, A. (1997). Analysis of blink rate patterns in normal subjects. Mov Disord, 12(6), 1028-1034. doi:10.1002/mds.870120629
  4. Dry eye. American Optometric Association. Retrieved from https://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/eye-and-vision-problems/glossary-of-eye-and-vision-conditions/dry-eye?sso=y
    Facts About Dry Eye. (2017). The National Eye Institute. Retrieved from https://nei.nih.gov/health/dryeye/dryeye
  5. Foster, C. S. (2017). Dry Eye Syndrome (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca). Medscape. Retrieved from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1210417-overview?pa=%2B0e4wNNZ1Iu6MctH1Y00B4pP5XDlrrwB8KD9eXP2aTNY8635YwNdHni4%2Fb7Tu%2FKVcFrqow%2Bf2%2F37XuRaZT6JAA%3D%3D#a1
  6. Kabat, A. G., Sowka, J.W. (2013). Rubbed the Wrong Way. Review of Optometry. Retrieved from https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/rubbed-the-wrong-way-43097
  7. Li, J., Ruzhi, D., Hua, X., Zhang, L., Lu, F., Coursey, T. G., . . . Li, D. Q. (2016). Blueberry Component Pterostilbene Protects Corneal Epithelial Cells from Inflammation via Anti-oxidative Pathway. Sci Rep, 6, 19408. doi:10.1038/srep19408
  8. Rand, A. L., & Asbell, P. A. (2011). Current Opinion in Ophthalmology Nutritional Supplements for Dry Eye Syndrome. Curr Opin Ophthalmol, 22(4), 279-282. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283477d23
  9. Subbaraman, L. N., Srinivasan, S. (2013). A Lens Fit for Dry Eye. Retrieved from https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/ce/a-lens-fit-for-dry-eye

Facebook
Twitter
Google+

We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners.
Cookies settings
Accept
Privacy & Cookie policy
Privacy & Cookies policy
Cookies list
Cookie name Active

Privacy Policy

What information do we collect?

We collect information from you when you register on our site or place an order. When ordering or registering on our site, as appropriate, you may be asked to enter your: name, e-mail address or mailing address.

What do we use your information for?

Any of the information we collect from you may be used in one of the following ways: To personalize your experience (your information helps us to better respond to your individual needs) To improve our website (we continually strive to improve our website offerings based on the information and feedback we receive from you) To improve customer service (your information helps us to more effectively respond to your customer service requests and support needs) To process transactions Your information, whether public or private, will not be sold, exchanged, transferred, or given to any other company for any reason whatsoever, without your consent, other than for the express purpose of delivering the purchased product or service requested. To administer a contest, promotion, survey or other site feature To send periodic emails The email address you provide for order processing, will only be used to send you information and updates pertaining to your order.

How do we protect your information?

We implement a variety of security measures to maintain the safety of your personal information when you place an order or enter, submit, or access your personal information. We offer the use of a secure server. All supplied sensitive/credit information is transmitted via Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology and then encrypted into our Payment gateway providers database only to be accessible by those authorized with special access rights to such systems, and are required to?keep the information confidential. After a transaction, your private information (credit cards, social security numbers, financials, etc.) will not be kept on file for more than 60 days.

Do we use cookies?

Yes (Cookies are small files that a site or its service provider transfers to your computers hard drive through your Web browser (if you allow) that enables the sites or service providers systems to recognize your browser and capture and remember certain information We use cookies to help us remember and process the items in your shopping cart, understand and save your preferences for future visits, keep track of advertisements and compile aggregate data about site traffic and site interaction so that we can offer better site experiences and tools in the future. We may contract with third-party service providers to assist us in better understanding our site visitors. These service providers are not permitted to use the information collected on our behalf except to help us conduct and improve our business. If you prefer, you can choose to have your computer warn you each time a cookie is being sent, or you can choose to turn off all cookies via your browser settings. Like most websites, if you turn your cookies off, some of our services may not function properly. However, you can still place orders by contacting customer service. Google Analytics We use Google Analytics on our sites for anonymous reporting of site usage and for advertising on the site. If you would like to opt-out of Google Analytics monitoring your behaviour on our sites please use this link (https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout/)

Do we disclose any information to outside parties?

We do not sell, trade, or otherwise transfer to outside parties your personally identifiable information. This does not include trusted third parties who assist us in operating our website, conducting our business, or servicing you, so long as those parties agree to keep this information confidential. We may also release your information when we believe release is appropriate to comply with the law, enforce our site policies, or protect ours or others rights, property, or safety. However, non-personally identifiable visitor information may be provided to other parties for marketing, advertising, or other uses.

Registration

The minimum information we need to register you is your name, email address and a password. We will ask you more questions for different services, including sales promotions. Unless we say otherwise, you have to answer all the registration questions. We may also ask some other, voluntary questions during registration for certain services (for example, professional networks) so we can gain a clearer understanding of who you are. This also allows us to personalise services for you. To assist us in our marketing, in addition to the data that you provide to us if you register, we may also obtain data from trusted third parties to help us understand what you might be interested in. This ‘profiling’ information is produced from a variety of sources, including publicly available data (such as the electoral roll) or from sources such as surveys and polls where you have given your permission for your data to be shared. You can choose not to have such data shared with the Guardian from these sources by logging into your account and changing the settings in the privacy section. After you have registered, and with your permission, we may send you emails we think may interest you. Newsletters may be personalised based on what you have been reading on theguardian.com. At any time you can decide not to receive these emails and will be able to ‘unsubscribe’. Logging in using social networking credentials If you log-in to our sites using a Facebook log-in, you are granting permission to Facebook to share your user details with us. This will include your name, email address, date of birth and location which will then be used to form a Guardian identity. You can also use your picture from Facebook as part of your profile. This will also allow us and Facebook to share your, networks, user ID and any other information you choose to share according to your Facebook account settings. If you remove the Guardian app from your Facebook settings, we will no longer have access to this information. If you log-in to our sites using a Google log-in, you grant permission to Google to share your user details with us. This will include your name, email address, date of birth, sex and location which we will then use to form a Guardian identity. You may use your picture from Google as part of your profile. This also allows us to share your networks, user ID and any other information you choose to share according to your Google account settings. If you remove the Guardian from your Google settings, we will no longer have access to this information. If you log-in to our sites using a twitter log-in, we receive your avatar (the small picture that appears next to your tweets) and twitter username.

Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act Compliance

We are in compliance with the requirements of COPPA (Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act), we do not collect any information from anyone under 13 years of age. Our website, products and services are all directed to people who are at least 13 years old or older.

Updating your personal information

We offer a ‘My details’ page (also known as Dashboard), where you can update your personal information at any time, and change your marketing preferences. You can get to this page from most pages on the site – simply click on the ‘My details’ link at the top of the screen when you are signed in.

Online Privacy Policy Only

This online privacy policy applies only to information collected through our website and not to information collected offline.

Your Consent

By using our site, you consent to our privacy policy.

Changes to our Privacy Policy

If we decide to change our privacy policy, we will post those changes on this page.
Save settings
Cookies settings