兒童雙眼視覺 (上)

擁有良好的雙眼視覺能使我們有效地進行一些日常高視力需求的活動(例如: 閱讀、做運動和駕車)。它幫助我們精確地判斷物體的距離和位置,並使雙眼能有效和順暢地一起運動。雙眼視覺會在出生後幾年間快速發展,所以替兒童進行包括雙眼協調檢查的全面眼睛檢查是非常重要,如發現有任何雙眼視覺障礙,就應盡早跟進及處理。雙眼視覺障礙大致可分為顯性和隱性,本篇網誌先會探討顯性的雙眼視覺障礙,而下篇網誌才說明隱性的雙眼視覺障礙。

顯性的雙眼視覺障礙

斜視:

最為常見的斜視有兩種: 外斜視和內斜視。由於患者兩眼的視線不能同時注視在同一目標上,症狀較為明顯,家長大多能從日常生活發現出來。及早的發現和處理是必需的,因為它會破壞相眼視覺發展及使患者喪失立體視覺。若小朋友沒有得到合適的治療(尤其斜視是持續地發生在同一隻眼的患者),便很有機會導致弱視。斜視的發生率大概為3-6%。

淺談內斜視的處理方法:若小朋友是患有先天性大斜視角度的內斜視,處理方法以手術為主。有醫學報告指出,患有先天性內斜視的小朋友在1-2歲期間進行手術,才有較大機會保存雙眼視覺的發展和發展立體視覺。1假若內斜視是伴隨着深遠視度數,配戴遠視度數眼鏡是首要的治療步驟,若遠視度數眼鏡能把眼球完全拉直,就不需要進行手術。

淺談外斜視的處理方法:外斜視大多為間歇性,除非外斜視的角度很大,一般需要於很少年紀進行手術的迫切性並不是太高。若外斜視是屬於輕至中度,透過進行鍛練眼外肌的視覺訓練,能有效地減少外斜視出現的頻率。進行視覺訓練需要家長和小朋友與眼科視光師高度的配合和持之以恆地練習,才能取得成果。

總括而言內外斜視均會兒童雙眼視覺發展做成影響,若家長發現自己的子女在觀看物件時兩眼不能同時注視在同一目標上,就應該立帶他們進行全面的眼科視光檢查。再者,有一些斜視角度比較細的情況難於發現,家長應從子女三歲起,帶同他們進行全面的眼科視光檢查,以確保雙眼視覺得到正常發展。

註冊眼科視光師(第一部份) 陳家豪


以上護眼資訊由瑞士寶視光中心提供

地址 : 香港新界荃灣海盛路11號 One Midtown 23樓全層

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