青光眼

甚麼是青光眼?

青光眼是一種可破壞視覺神經細胞和可導致視力下降甚至失明的疾病。然而,早期發現和治療,通常可避免您的眼睛遭受嚴重的視力喪失。

青光眼的種類及症狀

這是隱形的頭號視力殺手。在四十歲以上,平均每四個人就一個有青光眼,而且患上的機會隨同年歲一齊增加的。如果有家族性的青光眼、深近視度數的、或本身已經患有糖尿病的都會較常人易患上青光眼。

大部分的青光眼成因是眼內的壓力開始增加,這就會壓死視網膜上的視神經細胞,引致視野收窄。

常見的青光眼在開始時,患者都是不能自我察覺的。因為初期的青光眼是不痛的、無任何特別的感覺的,只是周邊視野會一點一點的收窄。所以,去到患者自己發現時就已經失去了很大部份的視野。另一種少見的是急性青光眼。病情會在很短時間內發展得很快,患者會視力急降、失去周邊視野、看物件有彩虹般的顏色圈、疼痛及結膜充血。

因為失去了的視野是不可以收復的,而青光眼亦不能防止的;所以需要利用定期驗眼檢查,來保謢仍未失去的視野及視力。

如何診斷患有青光眼?

青光眼可由全面眼睛放瞳檢查中的以下項目測出:

  • 視力測試
  • 視野測試
  • 擴張瞳孔檢查
  • 眼壓計及厚度測量法

青光眼治療

早期治療能延緩隅角開放性青光眼的病情。故此早期診斷非常重要。

青光眼治療包括藥物、激光小梁成形術、傳統手術、或以上各項的綜合。這些治療法可能可以保護到餘下的視力,卻不能從已喪失視力中收復。

視神經

視神經是一組由超過 100 萬條神經線組成的纖維束。它連接視網膜與大腦(參見圖的上方)。視網膜是在眼睛後部的光敏感組織。要有良好的視力,一個健康的視神經是必要的。


正常視野

青光眼病人的視野

資料來源:National Eye Institute (NEI)

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